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Dummy pronoun
A dummy pronoun, also called an expletive pronoun or pleonastic pronoun, is a pronoun used for syntax without adding further meaning. An example is the "it" in "it is raining".
Dummy pronouns are used in many Germanic languages such as English. Pronoun-dropping languages such as Spanish, Portuguese, Chinese, and Turkish do not require dummy pronouns.
A dummy pronoun is used when a particular verb argument (or preposition) is nonexistent (it could also be unknown, irrelevant, already understood, or otherwise "not to be spoken of directly"), but when a reference to the argument (a pronoun) is nevertheless syntactically required. For instance, in the phrase, ''It is obvious that the violence will continue'', ''it'' is a dummy pronoun, not referring to any agent. Unlike a regular pronoun of English, it cannot be replaced by any noun phrase (except for, rhetorically permitting, something like 'the state of affairs' or 'the fact of the matter'.)
The term ''dummy pronoun'' refers to the function of a word in a particular sentence, not a property of individual words. For example, ''it'' in the example from the previous paragraph is a dummy pronoun, but ''it'' in the sentence ''I bought a sandwich and ate it'' is a referential pronoun (referring to the sandwich).
==Dummy subjects==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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